Voltage Transformer

Voltage Transformers
1.       Provides isolation from high voltages
2.       Must operate in the linear region to prevent accuracy problems - Do not over specify VT
3.       Must be capable of driving the burden, specified by relay manufacturer
4.       Protection class VT will suffice

Typical Working Points on a B-H Curve



Two main basic types are available
Electromechanical VT`s
1.       Similar to a power transformer
2.       May not be economical above 132kV
Capacitor VT`s (CVT)
1.       Used at high voltages
2.       Main difference is that CVT has a capacitor divider on the front end.

Electromagnetic Voltage Transformer


Capacitive Volatage Transformer(CVT)

Ferro-resonance
1.    The exciting impedance of auxiliary transformer T and the capacitance of the potential divider form a resonant circuit.
2.    May oscillate at a sub normal frequency
3.    Resonant frequency close to one-third value of system frequency
4.    Manifests itself as a rise in output voltage, r.m.s. value being 25 to 50 per cent above normal value
5.    Use resistive burden to dampen the effect

Voltage Transformer Earthing
Primary Earthing
                   1.       Earth at neutral point
                   2.       Required for phase-ground measurement at relay
Secondary Earthing
1.       Required for safety
2.       Earth at neutral point
3.       No relevance for protection operation

VT Construction

5 Limb
              Used when zero sequence measurement is required (primary must also be earthed)

Three Single Phase
              Used when zero sequence measurement is  required (primary must also be earthed)

3 Limb
              Used where no zero sequence measurement is required

V Connected (Open Delta)
             No yellow phase
             Cost effective
             Two phase-phase voltages
             No ground fault measurement

Protection of VT’s
1.       H.R.C. Fuses on primary side
2.       Fuses may not have sufficient interrupting capability
3.       Use MCB






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Chitika